Margherita Barié, along with Giulia Panigazzi, co-authored the article about:

• Proof of genuine use of a trademark must rely on concrete and objective evidence
• Evidence based on probabilities or presumptions is not admissible
• It is sufficient to demonstrate an unequivocal link between the products listed on the invoices and those actually bearing the trademark

This article first appeared in WTR Daily, part of World Trademark Review, in July 2025. For further information, please go to www.worldtrademarkreview.com